Louis IX (Saint Louis) – 1214 – The king of France from 1226 until his death in 1270. He implemented many reforms and policies to help the poor and the vulnerable in French society. He also sponsored the construction of many great cathedrals and churches. Louis IX is remembered as one of France’s greatest kings.

Edward II – 1284 – The king of England from 1307 to 1327. Edward II’s reign was marked by political instability, military failures and personal scandal. In 1327, Edward II was deposed by his wife, Queen Isabella and her lover, Roger Mortimer. He was imprisoned and forced to abdicate in favor of his son, Edward III.

Guglielmo Marconi – 1874 – an Italian physicist who is credited with developing the first practical radio communication system. His inventions paved the way for the development of radio, television and mobile phones. Today, he is remembered as one of the most important inventors of the 20th century and a pioneer in the field of wireless communication.

William J. Brennan, Jr – 1906 – an American jurist who served as an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court from 1956 to 1990. Some of Brennan’s most significant opinions include Baker v. Carr (1962), which established the principle of “one person, one vote” and required state legislatures to be apportioned according to population.

Ella Fitzgerald – 1917 – an American jazz singer often referred to as the “First Lady of Song” or the “Queen of Jazz”. Fitzgerald’s career spanned over six decades, during which she recorded over 200 albums and sold over 40 million copies. She received numerous awards and honors, including 14 Grammy Awards and the Presidential Medal of Freedom.

Paul Mazursky – 1930 – an American film director and actor. Some of his most notable works include “Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice”, “An Unmarried Woman”, “Down and Out in Beverly Hills” and “Enemies: A Love Story”.

Al Pacino – 1940 – an American actor, regarded as one of the greatest actors of his generation. He rose to fame starring in a series of iconic films, including “The Godfather”, “Serpico” and “Dog Day Afternoon”. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, Pacino delivered powerful performances in movies such as “Scarface” and “The Godfather: Part III”. He has won the Best Actor Oscar for his role in “Scent of a Woman”.

Björn Ulvaeus – 1945 – a Swedish musician, songwriter, and one of the former members of the iconic pop group ABBA. ABBA went on to become one of the most successful pop groups in history, selling over 380 million records worldwide and producing hits such as “Dancing Queen,” “Mamma Mia” and “Take a Chance on Me”.

Talia Shire – 1946 – an American actress. She is best known for her role as Adrian, in the “Rocky” series of films. She also played Connie Corleone, the sister of Michael Corleone, in “The Godfather” trilogy. Shire’s other notable film roles include “The Conversation”, “Windows” and “Old Enough”. She has also appeared in numerous TV shows, including “The Outer Limits,” “Kojak” and “CSI: Crime Scene Investigation.”

Jeffrey DeMunn – 1947 – an American actor, known for his work in film such as, “The Shawshank Redemption”, “The Green Mile” and “The Mist”. DeMunn’s other notable film credits include, “The Hitcher”, “The Blob”, “A Civil Action” and “Burn After Reading”.

Johan Cruyff – 1947 – a Dutch professional football player. He is widely considered to be one of the greatest footballers of all time.

Fish (Derek William Dick) – 1958 – a Scottish singer who rose to fame as the lead singer of the rock band Marillion. With Fish as their frontman, Marillion released four studio albums, including the critically acclaimed “Misplaced Childhood,” which included the hit song “Kayleigh”.

 Hank Azaria – 1964 – an American actor known for his voice acting work on the animated television series “The Simpsons”. Azaria has also appeared in numerous movies, including “The Birdcage,” “Heat,” “Godzilla” and “Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian.” He has had recurring roles on TV shows such as “Mad About You,” “Friends,” “Ray Donovan” and “Brockmire”.

Isabelle Pasco – 1966 – a French actress who has appeared in several notable French films, including “Betty Blue,” “La Lectrice” and “La Belle Noiseuse.” She has also worked with international directors, such as Bernardo Bertolucci in “Little Buddha” and Ridley Scott in “1492: Conquest of Paradise.”

Gina Torres – 1969 – an American actress best known for her roles in several popular television series, including “Firefly,” “Suits” and “Hannibal”. Torres has also appeared in several films, including “The Matrix Reloaded” and “The Matrix Revolutions”.

Joe Buck – 1969 – an American sportscaster who is best known for his work as a play-by-play announcer for Major League Baseball, the National Football League, and the National Hockey League. He has won several awards for his broadcasting work, including seven Sports Emmy Awards.

Renée Zellweger – 1969 – an American actress known for her roles in films such as, “Jerry Maguire”, “Bridget Jones’s Diary,” “Chicago” and “Cold Mountain,” for which she won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress.

Emily Bergl – 1975 – an American actress. She has appeared in several films, including “The Rage: Carrie 2,” “Chasing Sleep,” and “Blue Jasmine.” She has also had recurring roles in several television shows, including “Desperate Housewives,” “Gilmore Girls,” and “Southland.”

Tim Duncan – 1976 – an American professional basketball player. He spent his entire 19-year career with the Spurs, winning five NBA championships and being named the NBA Finals MVP three times. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest power forwards in NBA history and is considered one of the most successful and respected players of his era.

Marguerite Moreau – 1977 – an American actress. She has appeared in several films, including “The Mighty Ducks” trilogy, “Wet Hot American Summer” and “Queen of the Damned.” She has also had recurring roles in several television shows, including “Parenthood,” “Grey’s Anatomy” and “Shameless.”

Jonathan Bailey – 1988 – an English actor. He has appeared in several television shows and films, including “Broadchurch,” “Doctor Who” and “W1A.” He is perhaps best known for his role as Anthony Bridgerton in the Netflix series “Bridgerton”.

Sara Paxton – 1988 – an American actress. She has appeared in several films, including “Aquamarine,” “Sydney White” and “The Last House on the Left.” She has also had recurring roles in several television shows, including “Darcy’s Wild Life,” “The Beautiful Life” and “Good Girls.”

Allisyn Ashley Arm – 1996 – an American actress. She has appeared in several television shows, including “Sonny with a Chance,” “So Random!” and “A.P. Bio.” She has also had roles in several films, including “King of California” and “Your Friend, Andrew.”

1507 – German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller is the first to use the name America on his world map “Universalis Cosmographia”. Waldseemüller’s contributions to cartography and geography were significant, and he is widely regarded as one of the most important mapmakers of the Renaissance era.

1850 – Paul Julius Reuter, the founder of Reuters news agency, set up a carrier-pigeon service to help speed up the delivery of news and information. The carrier-pigeon service was a major success for Reuter, and it helped him to establish himself as a leading figure in the world of journalism and communications.

1901 – New York became the first state in the United States to require automobile license plates. At that time, the law required that all motor vehicles in New York be registered with the state and display a unique identification number on a metal plate. The plates were initially assigned based on the owner’s initials.

1950 – Chuck Cooper drafted into the NBA by the Boston Celtics. Cooper’s selection was historic, as he became the first African American player to be drafted by an NBA team.

1954 – The first solar cell made from silicon was developed by researchers at Bell Laboratories. This breakthrough paved the way for the development of modern solar technology, including silicon-based solar panels and batteries.

1961 – Robert Noyce patents integrated circuit which revolutionized the electronics industry, enabling the development of smaller, more powerful, and more reliable electronic devices. Robert Noyce co-founded Intel Corporation.

2007 – Boris Yeltsin funeral service. The ceremony was attended by many high-ranking officials, including the president of Russia at that time, Vladimir Putin, and other world leaders.

2022 – Twitter accepted Elon Musk buyout offer of $44 billion. Musk launched an unsolicited offer to buy the firm, to which Twitter’s board originally replied with a “poison pill” approach to avoid a hostile takeover, before overwhelmingly accepting the acquisition offer.

Camels are not born with humps. When a camel is born, it has a small bump on its back, but this bump is not a fully formed hump. The hump of a camel is actually made up of fat, and it grows larger as the camel eats and stores energy. The hump allows camels to survive for long periods without food or water, as they can use the stored fat as energy.

Bulls run faster uphill than downhill. This is mainly because they have longer hind legs than front legs.

Bats are the only mammals that can fly. While other mammals such as flying squirrels, gliding possums, and colugos are capable of gliding through the air for short distances, they do not have the ability to truly fly like bats do. Bats are able to fly due to their unique wing structure, which is made up of elongated finger bones covered in a thin membrane of skin.